ELABORACIÓN DE TINTES PARA LANA OVINA UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES TIPOS DE MICROORGANISMOS ASILADOS DE BOSQUES PRIMARIOS DE LA ZONA 3

Resumen

ABSTRACT: 

This research addresses the problem of finding sustainable alternatives to synthetic dyes in the textile industry by using natural dyes produced with acetic acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts, combined with hibiscus, annatto, and amaranth dyes, to dye sheep's wool in a more environmentally friendly manner. The objective was to develop dyes for sheep's wool using different types of microorganisms isolated from primary forests in zone 3, seeking to determine their viability for commercial applications. This was achieved by creating culture media for microorganisms, certifying their growth for dye production, extracting dyes from the different plants, and proceeding to dye using the immersion method. The results found that dyes prepared with acetic acid bacteria, especially in combination with annatto, demonstrated greater lightfastness, obtaining a score of 4 points, considered a very good dye due to bixin, a carotenoid that provides intense and durable colors. Meanwhile, tensile strength tests, obtaining values between 93.33 N/cm² and 137.42 N/cm², and bursting strength tests with homogeneous values of 10.07 mm demonstrated that the dyeing process did not affect the wool's ability to withstand loads. In conclusion, natural dyes perform excellently on sheep's wool, especially dyes produced with acetic acid bacteria, as they offer an excellent option for applications requiring high resistance to light exposure without affecting its structure. As a recommendation, it is suggested to continue exploring concentrations of natural dyes to optimize quality and durability for textile applications.