DETERMINANTES PSICOSOCIALES DEL ACCESO A LOS SERVICIOS DE SALUD INTERCULTURAL EN COMUNIDADES INDÍGENAS DEL
ECUADOR: ESTRATEGIAS DE COMUNICACIÓN EFECTIVA PARA MEJORAR LA ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA
Los resultados revelaron que la desconfianza institucional, las barreras de comunicación, la
discriminación, las limitaciones geográficas y la baja competencia intercultural del personal de
salud constituyen los principales determinantes que restringen el acceso a los servicios
sanitarios. Del mismo modo se identificó que la incorporación de intérpretes comunitarios, el
rol de los líderes indígenas, el reconocimiento de la medicina ancestral y la promoción del
reconocimiento de la comunicación intercultural favorecen la accesibilidad, la continuidad del
cuidado y la calidad de la atención primaria. En conclusión, el fortalecimiento de la salud
intercultural requiere intervenciones integrales que articulen la implementación de políticas
públicas, la formación y la participación de la comunidad, en pro de fomentar modelos de
atención culturalmente apropiados que disminuyan las desigualdades en salud en las
comunidades indígenas del Ecuador.
Palabras clave: Atención primaria de salud, salud intercultural, pueblos indígenas,
determinantes psicosociales, comunicación intercultural
ABSTRACT: Access to intercultural health services in indigenous communities remains a
challenge for public health systems, influenced by psychosocial determinants, timely
utilization, and primary care. In Ecuador, despite efforts to incorporate an intercultural
approach into public policies, difficulties persist related to discrimination, communication
barriers, limited integration between traditional medicine and the biomedical model, and a lack
of cultural competence among healthcare personnel. In this regard, the objective of this study
was to analyze the available scientific evidence regarding the psychosocial determinants
underlying access to intercultural health services in Ecuador’s indigenous communities and to
identify effective communication strategies that promote the strengthening of primary care. A
qualitative literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines,
involving a systematic search of scientific literature in indexed databases such as PubMed,
Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO, supplemented by technical documents from international
organizations. Studies published primarily between 2021 and 2026 that addressed psychosocial
determinants, intercultural health, and communication in indigenous populations were
selected. The results revealed that institutional mistrust, communication barriers,
discrimination, geographic limitations, and low levels of intercultural competence among
health care personnel are the main factors limiting access to health services. Similarly, it was
found that the involvement of community interpreters, the role of indigenous leaders, the
recognition of traditional medicine, and the promotion of intercultural communication all
contribute to improved accessibility, continuity of care, and the quality of primary care. In
conclusion, strengthening intercultural health requires comprehensive interventions that
coordinate the implementation of public policies, training, and community participation, with
the aim of promoting culturally appropriate care models that reduce health inequalities in
Ecuador’s indigenous communities.
Keywords: Primary health care, intercultural health, indigenous peoples, psychosocial
determinants, intercultural communication
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