
IMPACTO DE TRES TIPOS DE FERTILIZANTES EN EL CRECIMIENTO Y RENDIMIENTO DE YUCA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ) EN LA
PROVINCIA DE ORELLANA, ECUADOR
significancia, mediante el software IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. Los resultados revelaron que los
tratamientos con ácidos húmicos presentaron un efecto significativamente positivo en la
mayoría de las variables agronómicas, destacando en altura de planta (106,43 cm), diámetro
del tallo (25,94 mm), longitud de raíz (20,29 cm) y peso de raíz (2,31 kg), logrando un
rendimiento estimado de 28.875 kg/ha. No se observaron diferencias estadísticas
significativas en el diámetro de la raíz entre tratamientos. Se concluye que los ácidos húmicos
representan la opción más eficiente entre los abonos evaluados, debido a su capacidad para
estimular la actividad enzimática y favorecer el desarrollo del cultivo. En consecuencia, se
recomienda su aplicación a productores de la región amazónica como una estrategia
sostenible para incrementar el rendimiento de cultivos de ciclo corto como la yuca.
Palabras clave: Abonos orgánicos, compost, humus, ácidos húmicos, yuca
ABSTRACT: In the Ecuadorian Amazon region, agriculture faces several challenges related
to crop productivity and sustainability. Given these problems, there has been increasing
interest in the use of organic amendments as an alternative to synthetic fertilizers, due to
their benefits for soil health and agricultural yields. Cassava (Manihot esculenta), a crop of
economic and food importance in the area, requires efficient agricultural practices to ensure
its development and production. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of three
organic fertilizers-compost, humus and humic acids-on the growth and yield of the cassava
crop in the community of La Democracia, San Sebastian del Coca parish, Orellana province.
The research was developed under a quantitative approach with a field experimental design,
composed of four treatments (the three types of compost and a control) and three replicates
per treatment. The variables evaluated included plant height, stem diameter, root length and
diameter, individual weight, yield per hectare and economic profitability. The doses applied
were 30 g of compost, 25 ml of humus and 25 ml of humic acid per plant. For data analysis, an
ANOVA followed by Tukey's test at 5% significance was used with IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0
software. The results revealed that the humic acid treatments had a significantly positive
effect on most of the agronomic variables, especially plant height (106.43 cm), stem diameter
(25.94 mm), root length (20.29 cm) and root weight (2.31 kg), achieving an estimated yield of
28,875 kg/ha. No significant statistical differences were observed in root diameter between
treatments. It is concluded that humic acids represent the most efficient option among the
fertilizers evaluated, due to their capacity to stimulate enzymatic activity and favor crop
development. Consequently, their application is recommended to producers in the Amazon
region as a sustainable strategy to increase the yield of short-cycle crops such as cassava.
Keywords: Organic fertilizers, compost, humus, humic acids, yucca
INTRODUCCIÓN
La yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) representa uno de los cultivos básicos más relevantes a nivel
global. En 2011, su producción mundial superó los 252 millones de toneladas, distribuidas en
19,6 millones de hectáreas. África Subsahariana concentra más del 50 % de dicha producción,