FACTORES INSTITUCIONALES QUE ACENTÚAN LAS CONDUCTAS DE DESHONESTIDAD ACADÉMICA EN LOS
ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS DE LA CIUDAD DE GUAYAQUIL
claridad en las normativas institucionales. Los hallazgos destacan la necesidad de políticas
claras y efectivas, un equilibrio en la carga académica y una cultura institucional que
promueva la integridad académica. Además, el estudio enfatiza la importancia de un
enfoque integral para abordar el problema, considerando no solo los factores
institucionales, sino también los individuales y contextuales. Estos resultados
proporcionan insumos para el diseño de estrategias educativas que fortalezcan los valores
éticos de los estudiantes y reduzcan las prácticas deshonestas en el ámbito universitario.
Palabras clave: deshonestidad académica, factores institucionales, integración
académica, universidades públicas.
ABSTRACT: Academic dishonesty is a global phenomenon that compromises
educational quality and the ethical training of students, particularly in public universities.
This issue manifests in practices such as plagiarism, cheating on exams, and data
falsification, undermining trust in institutions and affecting the preparation of ethical
professionals. Previous research has identified individual, contextual, and institutional
factors as determinants of these behaviors. However, in the Ecuadorian context, recent
studies reveal a lack of analysis on the impact of institutional characteristics in promoting
academic dishonesty, creating a gap in the literature that requires attention. This study
aimed to identify the institutional factors that exacerbate dishonest behaviors among
students in public universities in Guayaquil. Using a non-experimental design and a
quantitative approach, a structured Likert-scale questionnaire was applied to 383
students selected through non-probabilistic sampling. Statistical analysis, based on the
chi-square test, revealed a significant relationship between institutional factors and
dishonest behaviors (Pearson's chi-square = 47.399, p = 0.045). The main factors identified
include academic overload, the perception of impunity, and unclear institutional
regulations. The findings highlight the need for clear and effective policies, a balanced
academic workload, and an institutional culture that promotes academic integrity.
Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to
addressing the issue, considering not only institutional factors but also individual and
contextual aspects. These results provide valuable insights for designing educational
strategies that strengthen students' ethical values and reduce dishonest practices in the
university environment.
Keywords: academic dishonesty, institutional factors, academic integration, public
universities.
INTRODUCCIÓN
La deshonestidad académica es un fenómeno global que afecta significativamente al
sistema educativo, comprometiendo la integridad de las instituciones y la formación ética
de los estudiantes. Se manifiesta en diversas formas, como el plagio, la copia en exámenes
y la falsificación de datos (Cizek, 1999). Este problema no solo pone en riesgo la credibilidad
de las instituciones, sino que también limita la capacidad de los estudiantes para desarrollar
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