ELIMINACIÓN DEL SUBSIDIO A LOS COMBUSTIBLES Y SU IMPACTO ECONÓMICO Y PSICOSOCIAL EN LOS CONDUCTORES DE
TAXI
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Palabras clave: Subsidio, impacto económico, impacto psicosocial, costos de operación,
condiciones laborales, estrés
ABSTRACT: On June 26, 2024, the Ecuadorian government made the decision to eliminate
the subsidy on Extra and Ecopaís gasoline, through Executive Decree No. 308, seeking to reduce
public spending and promote the efficient consumption of energy resources. This research
analyzes the impact of this measure on taxi drivers in Riobamba, who depend on fuel for their
daily work. To this end, a mixed-type research was applied combining quantitative and
qualitative approaches, and the psychosocial repercussions generated by the economic
difficulties associated with this decision were examined. For this purpose, a sample of 100
members of a taxi cooperative in Riobamba was used. Data was collected through a 27-question
survey, collecting information such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, educational level, and
personal perceptions of psychosocial effects. The results show that 89% of respondents have
experienced a decrease in their income and, as a result, 71% have chosen to increase their
working hours by between one and five hours a day. This additional burden has caused 49% of
participants to express dissatisfaction with their daily work and 51% to consider it moderately
difficult to maintain a balance between work and family life, forcing them to sacrifice quality
time with their loved ones. In conclusion, the results reveal a clear economic vulnerability in
taxi drivers in Riobamba, who face longer hours and less family time to compensate for the loss
of income. In addition, an increase in stress and the appearance of mental health problems was
demonstrated.
Keywords: Subsidy, economic impact, psychosocial impact, operating costs, working conditions,
stress
INTRODUCCIÓN
En Ecuador los subsidios corresponden a incentivos que entrega el gobierno, con el objetivo de
promover políticas económicas (1), conforme lo establece el Art. 285 de la Constitución de la
República del Ecuador uno de objetivos de la política fiscal es promover redistribución del ingreso
por medio de transferencias, tributos y subsidios que permitan mejorar el bienestar social de la
población, especialmente de los sectores más vulnerables (2).
De esta manera, en Ecuador, existe gran cantidad de subsidios, tanto en términos monetarios
como en variedad de tipos; sin embargo, el que esta investigación enfocará es el subsidio a los
combustibles. Esto se debe no solo a su gran impacto en la economía, sino también a que, con el
tiempo, sus objetivos originales cambiaron, convirtiéndose en un subsidio regresivo (1). Es decir,
se trata una subvención en la cual los principales beneficiarios son las personas o grupos que
generan mayor ingreso, en lugar de aquellos con vulnerabilidad, lo que aumenta la desigualdad
económica.
Tomando en cuenta que un subsidio debe caracterizarse por ser temporal, estar adecuadamente
focalizado a los sectores vulnerables, y ser eficaces, de modo que tanto el Estado como los